S&M (song)

"S&M"
Single by Rihanna
from the album Loud
Released January 21, 2011 (2011-01-21)
Format CD single, digital download
Recorded 2010
Roc the Mic Studios (New York City)
Westlake Recording Studios (Los Angeles, California)
The Bunker Studios (Paris, France)
Genre Eurodance, dance-pop
Length 4:03 (album version)
4:17 (remix featuring Britney Spears)
Label Def Jam
Writer(s) Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Corey Jackson Carter, Sandy Wilhelm, Ester Dean
Producer Stargate, Sandy Vee
Rihanna chronology
"All of the Lights"
(2011)		 "S&M"
(2011)		 "Man Down"
(2011)

"S&M" is a song by Barbadian recording artist Rihanna from her fifth studio album, Loud (2010). It was written by Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Corey Jackson Carter, Sandy Wilhelm and Ester Dean, with production helmed by Stargate and Sandy Vee. "S&M" was released on January 21, 2011, as the album's fourth US single, and third international single. "S&M" is a Eurodance song, and incorporates elements of dance-pop. Critical reception of "S&M" was mixed, as some reviewers criticized the song's overtly sexual lyrics, while others called it one of the best tracks from Loud. In April 2011, the song was re-released to digital outlets as a remix single, featuring guest vocals by American recording artist Britney Spears.

"S&M" debuted at number 53 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart upon the album's release, and peaked at number two. With the release of the remix single featuring Spears, digital sales pushed the song to the top of the chart for one week, which gave Rihanna her tenth US number-one single on the Hot 100 chart and Spears her fifth. The song also peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart and Pop Songs chart. "S&M" reached number one in Australia, Canada and Poland, and on the UK R&B Chart. The song attained top-five positions on the German, French, UK, Irish, and Spanish charts.

The song's accompanying music video was directed by Melina Matsoukas and was, in part, Rihanna's response to critics that she considered to have been disparaging. It portrays softcore sadomasochist acts and fetishes and, because of its content, was banned in several countries and restricted to nighttime television in others. The video spawned a lawsuit when photographer David LaChapelle alleged that it used imagery from his photo shoot for Vogue Italia. Rihanna performed the song for the first time at the 2011 BRIT Awards at London's O2 Arena on February 15, 2011, as a part of a medley with "Only Girl (In the World)" and "What's My Name?".

Contents

Background and composition

"S&M" was written by Mikkel S. Eriksen and Tor Erik Hermansen under their stage name Stargate, Corey Jackson Carter, Sandy Wilhelm under her stage name Sandy Vee, and Ester Dean, and produced by Stargate and Vee.[1] "S&M" is the fourth single from Rihanna's fifth studio album, Loud, and was sent to US Top 40/Mainstream and rhythmic radio station playlists on January 25, 2011.[2] In an interview for Rolling Stone, Rihanna spoke about her interest in bondage and other BDSM activities. Rihanna said, "I like to take charge, but I love to be submissive," and, "Being submissive in the bedroom is really fun. You get to be a little lady, to have somebody be macho and in charge. That's sexy to me."[3] Lindsay Goldwert of Daily News felt that Rihanna's comments on the types of sexual activity that she enjoys may be part of a healing process, after she was allegedly assaulted by her then-boyfriend, Chris Brown.[4]

In an interview for Billboard, Dean explained the conception of "S&M", and the sexually suggestive lyrics. She said:

I wrote it, Father forgive me, on a Sunday. The track was already there. The first thing that came to me was 'Come on, come on.' I'm thinking, 'I don't know what in the hell this is about to be.' And I remembered I'd seen something that said, 'Sticks and stones may break my bones.' Then came 'But chains and whips excite me.' And I'm like, 'Oh, my God, I got to write that.' I'm in the studio with the engineer and just kept looking at him, asking, 'Is that OK?' And he says, 'I like it.' When people have a great track that speaks to me, it feels like it already has a story in it.[5]

Dean spoke about the process of writing songs for Rihanna in an interview for The Boom Box, and explained that she wanted to channel Rihanna's "alter ego" and use it as inspiration for writing "S&M"'s lyrics.[6] Dean praised Rihanna for her ability to take risks with her music, and said, "I think Rihanna is sexy and will say things that other chicks won't say. Even if she says let's go kiss some girls, who really cares ... that's Rihanna. Music is about fantasy. This is what people want to do, but are afraid to do."[6]

Rihanna explained in an interview for Spin magazine that the lyrics should not be misconstrued literally, and that she does not think of the song in a sexual way, but rather metaphorically. The singer continued, "It's more of a thing to say that people can talk... people are going to talk about you, you can't stop that. You just have to be that strong person and know who you are so that stuff just bounces off. And I thought it was super bad ass."[7] "S&M" is an up-tempo Eurodance and dance-pop song,[8][9] which samples Depeche Mode's 1984 song "Master and Servant", which contains lyrics related to sadomasochism.[10] According to the digital sheet music published by Musicnotes.com, "S&M" is written in the key of E minor and is set in common time with a moderate dance groove.[9] Rihanna's vocal range spans one octave from the lower note of B3 to the higher note of B4 on the song.[9] As noted by USA Today's Steve Jones, Rihanna employs a sexually aggressive tone in her vocal performance for the duration of the song.[11]

Critical reception

"S&M" garnered positive responses from music critics. Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine, and Thomas Conner of the Chicago Sun Times wrote that "S&M" was reminiscent of Rihanna's previous album, Rated R (2009).[12][13] Cinquenmani described "S&M" as an ode to sadomasochism "that would make various parts of Janet Jackson's body perk up".[13] Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly called the song an "explicitly carnal opener" featuring "late night Cinemax naughtiness".[14] Jake Conway of Q wrote that the song's lyrics showed that "Rihanna proves why she remains one of the most provocative artists in pop music. Precisely by divesting sex of emotion and re-imagining violence as fetish ("sticks and stone may break my bones / but chains and whips excite me"), Rihanna turns the tables on abusive ex-lover Chris Brown in this heady dance club tribute to bondage — empowered, and as terrifyingly sexy as ever".[15] Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave the song four out of five stars, and wrote, "Icky slip-up aside, this club pop thumper gets you just as up-for-it as the Mail-baiting Bajan herself".[16] Meg Sullivan of The Music Magazine gave a mixed review, noting that "Admittedly it is a catchy tune, and doesn’t take much to remember the lyrics, as 50% of them are 'oh na-na-na-na, come on,' a classic sign of 'I had nothing else decent to write'. Other than that, the lyrical content is written purposely to shock/offend. Yet in all honesty, these days I'd be more shocked if her next single WASN'T {{sic}} about her sexual desires."[17] Chris Ryan of MTV described the song as being about "Dirty, naughty, illicit bedroom activities".[18]

James Skinner of BBC Music wrote that the song lacked some of the appeal Rated R's "chart-friendly moments" had. Skinner criticized the use of overtly suggestive lyrics that he said were not synonymous with the flirtatious appeal that Rihanna was trying to create. He said: "as bracingly huge and catchy as it is, 'S&M' doesn't deviate much from its blunt title: lyrics like 'Sticks and stones may break my bones / But chains and whips excite me' feel forced, not daring."[19] USA Today's Steve Jones noted that Rihanna "never retreats from that sexually aggressive tone as she shakes off the dark cloud of domestic violence that veiled 2009's Rated R", and added that "Loud's pulsating opener, S&M, makes it clear from the jump where [Rihanna's] headed as she acknowledges that 'chains and whips excite me'."[11]

In the UK, "S&M" was deemed too explicit for daytime airplay, was edited to remove all references to sex, chains, and whips, and was renamed "Come On" for BBC Radio 1.[20] A spokesman for the radio station said, "During daytime hours, as younger audiences are listening, we are playing the radio edit which is called 'Come On'. However, we will continue to play the original track in specialist shows with an appropriate introduction ... It is common practice to play radio edits of certain tracks in daytime."[20][21]

Chart performance

"S&M" made its first chart appearance in the UK on November 15, 2010, and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 55 on November 27, 2010. The song peaked at number three, where it remained for three consecutive weeks; "S&M" was Rihanna's fourteenth UK top-three song.[22] It was more successful on the UK R&B Chart, where it peaked at number one for five consecutive weeks.[23] The song has since been certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) denoting sales of over 200,000 copies.[24] Elsewhere in Europe, "S&M" was a commercial success, and peaked within the top-three in many countries. The song reached number one on the Polish Singles Chart dated April 23, 2011, for two consecutive weeks.[25] "S&M" debuted on the Danish Singles Chart on February 11, 2011, at number thirty-four and peaked at number two for one week.[26] "S&M" reached number two in Germany,[27] Sweden[28] and Switzerland.[29] The song debuted on the French Singles Chart at number 22 on November 29, 2011, and peaked at number three for two consecutive weeks.[30] The song reached the top-five in Austria,[31] Finland,[32] and Spain,[33] and the top ten in Italy[34] and the Netherlands,[35] peaking at numbers six and seven, respectively. "S&M" charted at number eight in the Czech Republic.[36] The song has since been certified gold in Belgium, denoting sales of over 15,000 copies,[37] Denmark,[38] and Sweden,[39] and platinum in Switzerland, denoting sales of over 15,000 copies.[40] As of July 26, 2011, "S&M" has sold 1.05 million copies across Europe.[41]

In Australia, "S&M" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 87 on November 29, 2010, upon the release of Loud.[42] When "S&M" was officially released as a single, it returned to the singles chart at number 27 on January 30, 2011.[43] The song peaked at number one on March 13, 2011, for five non-consecutive weeks.[43][44] It has since been certified four times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting shipments of over 280,000 copies of the single.[44]

"S&M" made its US debut on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 53 on December 4, 2010, upon the album's release.[45] In the issue of Billboard published on April 30, 2011, "S&M" sold 293,000 downloads, due to the release of the remix featuring Britney Spears, and replaced Katy Perry's "E.T." on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Rihanna's tenth US number-one single on the chart. Rihanna logged the shortest span between a solo artist's first and tenth number-one in the chart's history; a period of four years, eleven months and two weeks.[46] "S&M" became Rihanna's eighth number-one song on the Billboard Pop Songs chart, and made Rihanna the artist with the most number one songs in the chart's nineteen-year history.[47] The song peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs chart. On December 13, 2011, "S&M" was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of over two million copies.[48] "S&M" ranked at number 15 on Billboard magazine's best-selling top 50 Pop Songs[49] and number two on the top 50 best-selling Dance/Clubs Songs of 2011.[50]

Music video

Background and synopsis

The music video for "S&M" was filmed in Los Angeles during the weekend of January 15, 2011.[51][52] It was directed by Melina Matsoukas, the director of the music videos for "Hard", "Rude Boy" and "Rockstar 101".[51][52] Rihanna participated in the video's direction, and used her ideas for some of its scenes, according to gossip-blogger Perez Hilton who was in the video.[53] Matsoukas told Billboard that the video was inspired by Rihanna's "sadomasochist relationship with the press... it isn't just about a bunch of whips and chains." Rihanna's love of pop art also influenced the video.[54] On January 27, 2011, a behind-the-scenes clip related to the video was posted on Rihanna's official YouTube channel.[55] The music video was premiered on VEVO on February 1, 2011.[56]

As the video opens, Rihanna is dragged, kicking and resisting, into a press conference where she is covered with plastic wrap and taped to a wall. She is surrounded by microphones and gagged reporters.[54] The video then cuts to an outdoor scene, in which Rihanna wears a cream-colored latex dress and walks Perez Hilton, who wears a ball gag and is on a leash. In the following scene, Rihanna is seated and surrounded by CCTV surveillance cameras. As she eats pink popcorn, her chair begins to rotate, prompting her to stand up and whip reporters, who are taped to the wall of the room. Next, Rihanna rolls on the floor with her hands and feet bound with rope. As the bridge of the song approaches, Rihanna wears a white latex bikini and rabbit ears, while images of headlines, such as Illuminati connections she has been accused of, are projected against her body and the wall behind her.

After the chorus, Rihanna appears in a newsroom. Reporters surround her and take photographs, while she is sprawled across a desk in a pink latex dress. The end of the video flashes between scenes from throughout the video and new scenes of Rihanna suggestively eating bananas, strawberries and cream, and bejeweled ice cream. The video ends as Rihanna lies on a newsroom desk wearing a smiley face eye patch with The Rolling Stones tongue logo over her mouth. Interspersing scenes show Rihanna and other people in dominatrix clothing, implying various explicit acts with the singer wearing a feather boa and a top with the word "censored" across it.[57]

Reception and ban

Critics compared the explicit sexual content of the video to music videos by Madonna (pictured, left) and Lady Gaga (pictured, right), who have depicted scenes of sadomasochism and bondage.[58]

The music video was generally well received. The Huffington Post wrote, "Rihanna is perfectly good at being bad – and this video proves it".[59] OK! magazine called the video "red-hot, kinky and totally tongue-in-cheek",[60] while Willa Paskin of New York magazine similarly described it as a "goofy" take on the S&M-themed music videos typical of Madonna and Lady Gaga.[58] Matthew Perpetua of Rolling Stone described the video as a "visual onslaught of candy-colored kinkiness" that viewers would enjoy despite its "painfully bright colors and obnoxious antics".[61] Brad Wete of Entertainment Weekly stated that Rihanna delivered the risque video he was expecting based on the song's lyrical content,[62] and Jason Lipshutz of Billboard praised the video's "exquisite set pieces that offer a twisted take on hardcore sexuality".[54]

On its release, the video was immediately banned in eleven countries due to its overt sexual content.[63] It was flagged for content by users on YouTube, which restricts access to it to users over the age of 18.[64] Rihanna responded to the news via Twitter, writing, "They watched 'Umbrella' ... I was full nude".[64] An unrestricted version of the video was later uploaded to Rihanna's official website.[65] The director of the video, Melina Matsoukas responded to the news in an interview with MTV News, stating:

When I go out to make something, I kind of go out with the intention to get it banned – [well] not to get it banned, I always want my stuff played – but to make something provocative ... so when you do something that's provocative, that's usually a repercussion. It's gonna be talked about or banned or slandered in some way. But it's making an effect and people are having a dialogue about it, so, to me, that's successful.[66]

Copyright infringement lawsuits

The music video caused further controversy when photographer David LaChapelle sued Rihanna, Island Def Jam, and related parties for copyright infringement.[67] LaChapelle alleged that the video infringed upon eight of his photographs published in GQ, i-D, Australian Vogue, and elsewhere between 1997 and 2010.[67] The lawsuit, which claimed unspecified damages, alleged that the video was "directly derived" from his pictures, copying their "composition, total concept, feel, tone, mood, theme, colors, props, settings, decors, wardrobe and lighting".[67] The lawsuit included claims of trade dress infringement under the Lanham Act, unfair competition under New York state law, and unjust enrichment,[67] which were later dismissed.[68] Judge Shira A. Scheindlin of New York's Southern District Court denied a motion to dismiss the copyright violation allegations,[68] noting many similarities between the works:

[B]oth works feature: hot-pink and white striped walls; two single-hung windows in the middle of the back wall; windows with glossy hot-pink casings and interior framework, with opaque panes exhibiting a half-vector pattern of stripes against a yellow background; a solid hot-pink ceiling; hot-pink baseboards; a hot-pink couch under the windows; women wearing frizzy red wigs; a woman posed on top of a piece of furniture; black tape wrapped around a man; and a generally frantic mood ... [Both works are] well-lit and intensely saturated, with all of the details in sharp focus and almost no shadows.[68]

The resolution of the lawsuit was announced on October 19, 2011, with the outcome that Rihanna was ordered to pay LaChapelle an undisclosed sum of money.[69] LaChapelle won the lawsuit because a New York courtroom concurred that the "'pink room scene', which shows Rihanna dominating a man in front of pink and white striped walls, was very similar to LaChapelle's famous "Striped Face" photograph and pinpointed a scene where Rihanna is against a blue background wearing pink latex and placing a sweet on her tongue."[69] After the case, LaChapelle expressed that the lawsuit was "not personal, it's strictly business".[69] The photographer continued to explain why he felt a lawsuit was appropriate and likened it to singers sampling other artists lyrics and melodies for use in their own work, saying "Musicians commonly pay to sample music or use someone's beats and there should be no difference when sampling an artist's visuals."[69]

In June 2011, German photographer Philipp Paulus sued Rihanna and her record labels, alleging further copyright violations with regard to a scene in the music video where Rihanna wears an expansive dress and is taped to the wall with a plastic sheet in front of her. Paulus believes the image was appropriated from his own photographic series, Paperworld.[70]

Live performances

Rihanna first performed "S&M" live for the first time at the 2011 BRIT Awards on February 15, 2011, as part of a medley with two of her previous singles from Loud, "Only Girl (In the World)" and "What's My Name?".[71][72] Although Rihanna had planned to perform the entire song to promote its release as a single, she only sang the chorus and one verse, inserted between "Only Girl (In The World)" and "What's My Name?". Rihanna changed the performance because the BRIT Awards corporation wanted to avoid the sort of complaints similar to those received following the final of the seventh series of The X Factor, on December 11, 2010, when Rihanna was criticized for wearing a provocative outfit and for performing a suggestive dance routine before the watershed.[73] Rihanna performed "S&M" on the Australian leg of the Last Girl on Earth Tour in February and March 2011.[74]

Rihanna opened the Billboard Music Awards, with a performance of the "S&M" remix with Britney Spears on May 22, 2011, at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.[75] Rihanna and Spears wore bondage-style bodysuits; Rihanna's outfit was white, and she also wore PVC thigh-high boots. Spears' outfit was black, and she wore a mask and rabbit ears, and both singers wore chained handcuffs. Rihanna opened the performance seated and provocatively opened her legs, and simulated whipping sounds were used throughout the song. The two singers closed the performance with pole dancing, a pillow fight, and a kiss on the cheek.[76] The performance attracted complaints due to its overtly sexual nature displayed on a publicly accessible broadcast.[77]

Rihanna performed "S&M" on May 27, 2011, on NBC's Today show's "Summer Concert Series", along with "Only Girl (In the World)", "What's My Name?" and "California King Bed", where she gave an interview about the album, and about her controversial performance at the Billboard Music Awards with Spears.[78] The song was included on the set list of the Loud Tour, which began with the stage decorated as a stylized S&M set. Rihanna performed Prince's "Darling Nikki" with three semi-nude female dancers whom she spanked, groped, and pretended to smack with a cane. She then transitioned into "S&M" and took off her white tuxedo, revealing a white bondage corset and handcuffs.[79] "S&M" was featured on the set list of Spears' Femme Fatale Tour (2011), as part of a medley with "...Baby One More Time"; Spears dressed as a "biker chick", wearing a rhinestone-studded mini-vest and hot pants, and straddled a motorcycle.[80]

Remixes

An official remix of "S&M", featuring rapper J. Cole, was released on January 17, 2011.[81] It was remixed by DJs Dave Audé, Joe Bermudez and Sidney Samson; these remixes were released as a digital remix package and made available to download via iTunes.[82] Following the release of the album version of the song, Rihanna asked her followers on Twitter about potential collaborators; Britney Spears was the most popular choice.[83] A series of tweets between the two artists fueled speculation that Rihanna and Spears had recorded a remix of the song.[84] A new remix, featuring guest vocals by Spears, was released on April 11, 2011.[85] Spears' new lines are similar to the original lyrics: "If I'm bad, tie me down," and "Shut me up, gag and bound me/'Cause the pain is my pleasure/Nothing comes better".[86] In a radio interview, Rihanna said that she hoped to make an "S&M" music video with Spears.[87] She explained how the collaboration came to fruition:

I asked my fans last week who they wanted me to collaborate with, and Britney was one of the most popular names. It's very strange: Britney never does features. It was really amazing that she really wanted to be part of this song. She really liked the song to begin with, but it was a different story when she had to sing it, and she really wanted to be a part of it. It made it really special because you never see two pop female artists doing songs together anymore.[88]

Formats and track listings

  • Digital download[89]
  1. "S&M" – 4:03
  • Digital download – remixes[82]
  1. "S&M" (Dave Audé Radio) – 3:50
  2. "S&M" (Joe Bermudez Chico Radio) – 3:49
  3. "S&M" (Sidney Samson Radio) – 3:19
  4. "S&M" (Dave Audé Club) – 7:28
  5. "S&M" (Joe Bermudez Chico Club) – 5:17
  6. "S&M" (Sidney Samson Club) – 6:50
  7. "S&M" (Dave Audé Dub) – 6:29
  8. "S&M" (Joe Bermudez Chico Dub) – 5:17
  9. "S&M" (Sidney Samson Dub) – 6:50
  • German CD single[90]
  1. "S&M" (Album Version) – 4:04
  2. "S&M" (Sidney Samson Radio Remix) – 3:18
  • Digital download – remix single[91]
  1. "S&M" (Remix) (featuring Britney Spears) – 4:17

Credits and personnel

Credits and personnel adapted from Loud album liner notes.[1]

Charts and certifications

Charts

Chart (2010–11) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[92] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)[93] 4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[94] 3
Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)[95] 4
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[96]
 1
Czech Republic (IFPI)[97] 8
Denmark (Tracklisten)[98] 2
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[99] 4
France (SNEP)[100] 3
Germany (Media Control AG)[101] 2
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[102] 1
Ireland (IRMA)[103] 3
Italy (FIMI)[104] 6
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[105] 8
Netherlands (Mega Single Top 100)[106] 7
New Zealand (RIANZ)[107] 2
Norway (VG-lista)[108] 2
Poland (ZPAV)[25] 1
Scotland (The Official Charts Company)[109] 3
Slovakia (IFPI)[110] 4
South Korea (GAON) (International Chart)[111] 4
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[112] 3
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[113] 2
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[114] 2
UK R&B (The Official Charts Company)[115] 1
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[116] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[117] 1
US Hot Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[118] 1
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[119] 48
US Pop Songs (Billboard)[120] 1

Certifications

Country Provider Certification
Australia ARIA 4× Platinum[44]
Belgium IFPI Gold[121]
Denmark IFPI Platinum[122]
Germany BVMI Gold[123]
Italy FIMI Platinum[124]
New Zealand RIANZ Platinum[125]
Spain PROMUSICAE Gold[126]
Sweden SRIA Gold[127]
Switzerland IFPI Platinum[128]
United Kingdom BPI Silver[24]
United States RIAA 2× Platinum[48]

Year-end charts

Chart (2011) Position
Australian Singles Chart[129] 11
Austrian Singles Chart[130] 17
Canadian Hot 100[131] 20
Belgian Singles Chart (Flanders)[132] 14
Belgian Singles Chart (Wallonia)[133] 12
Dutch Singles Chart[134] 39
Swiss Singles Chart[135] 25
UK Singles Chart[136] 12
US Billboard Hot 100[137] 12
US Pop Songs[138] 15
US Hot Dance Club Songs[139] 2

Radio and release history

Book: Loud (Rihanna album)
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.
Country Date Format Label
United States[2][82][140] January 21, 2011 Digital remixes Def Jam Recordings
January 25, 2011 Mainstream, rhythmic radio
February 8, 2011 Digital remixes
Ireland[141] February 11, 2011 Digital download Universal Music
United Kingdom[89] February 11, 2011 Mercury Records
United States[142] March 8, 2011 Urban radio Def Jam
Germany[90] March 18, 2011 CD single Def Jam Recordings
Worldwide[91] April 11, 2011 Digital Remix Single

See also

References

  1. ^ a b (2010) Release notes for Loud by Rihanna (liner notes). Def Jam Recordings.
  2. ^ a b "FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more!". FMQB. Friday Morning Quarterback Album Report, Inc. http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#210. Retrieved 2011-01-30. 
  3. ^ Lee, Joyce (2011-03-31). "Rihanna talks Chris Brown, S&M tendencies in Rolling Stone". CBS News. CBS. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20049249-10391698.html. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  4. ^ Goldwert, Lindsay (2011-03-31). "Rihanna talks S&M, submissive sex in interview; Can sexual role play play healing role after abuse?". Daily News (Mortimer Zuckerman). http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-03-31/entertainment/29386357_1_abuse-rihanna-berman. Retrieved 2011-09-08. 
  5. ^ "Ester Dean Talks Solo Career, Writing 'S&M' and 'Firework'". Billboard (Prometheus Global Media). 2011-05-24. http://www.billboard.com/column/the-juice/features/ester-dean-talks-solo-career-writing-s-m-1005195522.story#/column/the-juice/features/ester-dean-talks-solo-career-writing-s-m-1005195522.story. Retrieved 2011-11-29. 
  6. ^ a b Murphy, Keith (2011-01-19). "'Rude Boy' writer Ester Dean on penning for Rihanna, Usher". The Boom Box. http://www.theboombox.com/2011/01/19/rude-boy-writer-ester-dean-on-penning-hits-for-rihanna-usher/. Retrieved 2011-09-29. 
  7. ^ O'Donnell, Kevin (2010-10-19). "Preview: Rihanna Discusses "Bad Ass" New Album". Spin (Spin Media LLC). http://www.spin.com/articles/preview-rihanna-discusses-bad-ass-new-album. Retrieved 2011-02-02. 
  8. ^ Mackay, Emily (2010-11-03). "Rihanna, 'Loud' – Album First Listen". NME (IPC Media). http://www.nme.com/blog/index.php?blog=140&p=9345&more=1&c=1. Retrieved 2011-01-29. 
  9. ^ a b c "Digital Sheet Music, Rihanna 'S&M'". Musicnotes.com. Peer International Music Publishing. 2011. 
  10. ^ Wolk, Douglas (2011-02-09). "Rihanna, 'S&M'". The Daily. Greg Clayman. http://www.thedaily.com/page/2010/12/08/020911-arts-song-rihanna-s-and-m/. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
  11. ^ a b Jones, Steve (2010-11-16). "Listen Up: Rihanna is living out 'Loud' on new album". USA Today (Gannett Company, Inc.). http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2010-11-16-listen16_ST_N.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-29. 
  12. ^ Conner, Thomas (2010-11-19). "'Loud' a well-deserved party for Rihanna". Chicago Sun-Times (Sun-Times Media, LLC.). http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/2896510,conner-rhianna-loud-review-111610.article. Retrieved 2011-01-29. 
  13. ^ a b Cinquemani, Sal (2010-11-12). "Rihanna: Loud | Music Review". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/rihanna-loud/2312. Retrieved 2011-01-29. 
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